| Bullet Advice For Indian Stocks Weekly- traders book profit ahead of F & O expiry BSE Sensex (14521.89) and Nifty (4313.60) closed 4.7% and 5.9 % down respectively last week. Nifty OI Put Call Ratio was 0.85.Nifty Future June was quoting at 10.2 points premium.Nifty Call Option June 4300 was very active.Support for Sensex is at 14000 and Nifty at 4140.Resistance for Sensex is at 15100 and Nifty is at 4540.Crude oil was ats 69.40 $. Indian Government will sell 10% equity stake of BHEL a leading PSU co..NSE has decided to change the calculation method for determining the Indices from fixed float to free float This will come into affect from 26th June 2009.Weightage of ONGC,NALCO,SAIL,POWER GRID and NTPC will come down drastically.Infosys and ICICI Bank will benefit from this move. RIL and TataSteel added Open Interest in June Series.Dish TV and TTML shaded Open Interest.Huge position was build up at Tata Steel June Call Option Strike Price 400.Good build up was also seen at Suzlon June Call Option Strike Price 110. Tactics for Future Option players. 1)NTPC(198) Lot Size-1625 Shares Buy One Call Option of July Strike Price 200@13.50 Rs. Sell One Call Option of July Strike Price 220 @7.55 Rs. Premium .Paid=13.50*1625=21937.50 Rs. Premium Received=.7.55*1625=12268.75.00 Rs. Net Premium Paid=21937.50-12268.75=9668.75 Rs. Maximum Profit=220-200=20*1625=32500.00-9668.75=22831.25 Rs. Maximum Loss=9668.75 Rs. Break Even Price=205.95 2)Infosys Tech(1772) July Future-Lot Size 200 shares. Buy One Lot July Future @1772.00 Rs. Sell One Call Option of July Strike Price 1890@51.50 Rs. Premium Received=51.50*200=10300.00 Rs Maximum Profit=1890-1772=118*200=23600.00 +10300.00=33900.00 Rs. Max Loss=Unlimited. Trading Idea 1)Punj Lloyd(194.85)Buy this Stock in decline and trade 2)LITL(343.90)Buy this Stock in decline and trade Trend of Major Stocks STOCK TREND Days WeeklyTrend MonthlyTrend BHEL.NS Neutral 1 Falling Rising ICICIBANK.NS Neutral 1 Falling Rising INFOSYSTC.NS Bulllish 2 Rising Rising ITC.NS Bulllish 1 Rising Falling MARUTI.NS Bearish 6 Falling Rising SBIN.NS Bulllish 8 Rising Rising TATASTEEL.NS Neutral 1 Falling Rising TCS.NS Bearish 4 Falling Rising Technical indicators of major Stocks MFI=Money Flow Index RSI=Relative Strength Index ADX=Directional Momentum Index STOCK CLOSE MFI-21 RSI-14 ADX-14 BHEL.NS 2088.85 45.68 51.78 41.16 ICICIBANK.NS 714.05 44.02 52.88 27.2 INFOSYSTC.NS 1770.4 60.36 51.12 63.97 ITC.NS 200.6 56.86 56.55 27.71 MARUTI.NS 1049.9 59.71 56.25 31.43 SBIN.NS 1724.6 48.1 55.59 34.8 TATASTEEL.NS 412.55 54.11 53.53 31.74 TCS.NS 379.8 67..62 24.78 45.74 By Bullet Advisory Indian Stocks-India's top most no.1 best stockmarket advice blog,hot stocktips calls by expert technical analyst Narendra Nainani of India.Most preferred paid subscription stocktips calls website of India.Excellent success ratio of more than 90% with superb trading ideas. Website http://www.narendranainani.blogspot.com Bullet Advice For Indian Stocks Weekly- traders book profit ahead of F & O expiry BSE Sensex (14521.89) and Nifty (4313.60) closed 4.7% and 5.9 % down respectively last week. Nifty OI Put Call Ratio was 0.85.Nifty Future June was quoting at 10.2 points premium.Nifty Call Option June 4300 was very active.Support for Sensex is at 14000 and Nifty at 4140.Resistance for Sensex is at 15100 and Nifty is at 4540.Crude oil was ats 69.40 $. Indian Government will sell 10% equity stake of BHEL a leading PSU co..NSE has decided to change the calculation method for determining the Indices from fixed float to free float This will come into affect from 26th June 2009.Weightage of ONGC,NALCO,SAIL,POWER GRID and NTPC will come down drastically.Infosys and ICICI Bank will benefit from this move. RIL and TataSteel added Open Interest in June Series.Dish TV and TTML shaded Open Interest.Huge position was build up at Tata Steel June Call Option Strike Price 400.Good build up was also seen at Suzlon June Call Option Strike Price 110. Tactics for Future Option players. 1)NTPC(198) Lot Size-1625 Shares Buy One Call Option of July Strike Price 200@13.50 Rs. Sell One Call Option of July Strike Price 220 @7.55 Rs. Premium .Paid=13.50*1625=21937.50 Rs. Premium Received=.7.55*1625=12268.75.00 Rs. Net Premium Paid=21937.50-12268.75=9668.75 Rs. Maximum Profit=220-200=20*1625=32500.00-9668.75=22831.25 Rs. Maximum Loss=9668.75 Rs. Break Even Price=205.95 2)Infosys Tech(1772) July Future-Lot Size 200 shares. Buy One Lot July Future @1772.00 Rs. Sell One Call Option of July Strike Price 1890@51.50 Rs. Premium Received=51.50*200=10300.00 Rs Maximum Profit=1890-1772=118*200=23600.00 +10300.00=33900.00 Rs. Max Loss=Unlimited. Trading Idea 1)Punj Lloyd(194.85)Buy this Stock in decline and trade 2)LITL(343.90)Buy this Stock in decline and trade Trend of Major Stocks STOCK TREND Days WeeklyTrend MonthlyTrend BHEL.NS Neutral 1 Falling Rising ICICIBANK.NS Neutral 1 Falling Rising INFOSYSTC.NS Bulllish 2 Rising Rising ITC.NS Bulllish 1 Rising Falling MARUTI.NS Bearish 6 Falling Rising SBIN.NS Bulllish 8 Rising Rising TATASTEEL.NS Neutral 1 Falling Rising TCS.NS Bearish 4 Falling Rising Technical indicators of major Stocks MFI=Money Flow Index RSI=Relative Strength Index ADX=Directional Momentum Index STOCK CLOSE MFI-21 RSI-14 ADX-14 BHEL.NS 2088.85 45.68 51.78 41.16 ICICIBANK.NS 714.05 44.02 52.88 27.2 INFOSYSTC.NS 1770.4 60.36 51.12 63.97 ITC.NS 200.6 56.86 56.55 27.71 MARUTI.NS 1049.9 59.71 56.25 31.43 SBIN.NS 1724.6 48.1 55.59 34.8 TATASTEEL.NS 412.55 54.11 53.53 31.74 TCS.NS 379.8 67.62 24.78 45.74 |
Friday, June 26, 2009
NIFTY July 2009 Future
Monday, March 23, 2009
BSE
Bombay Stock Exchange India and National Stock Exchange Indian share tips are derived by scanning the Indian Stock Market data for investment opportunities using a technical analysis process. The daily technical analysis scanning process is entirely mathematical and contains no personal opinion or personal opinion of any kind, ideal for your BSE Sensex today Bombay stock exchange trading.
The daily India stock market report contains selections of INDIAN SHARES from the Bombay Stock Exchange (Mumbai Stock Exchange) and National Stock Exchange stocks. These selected BSE and NSE Indian shares have passed through a multi-stage technical analysis filter which searches for a number of trend patterns and performance activity.
Breakout stocks are Indian shares which have just had a large increase in both price and volume. This may be due to many reasons but these Indian shares are worth watching as their activity has shown statistically significant activity and may have potential to be a good investment. The BSE India and NSE stock markets are
covered.
Top gainers are Indian shares ranked according to their percentage rate of change over a recent trading period. These stocks are the big movers in the BSE India shares and NSE India shares.
The Bombay Stock Market BSE SENSEX Index of the Indian Stock Investment Market is compared to the Dow Jones Index so you can see how Indian shares are performing compared to the Dow Jones Index constituents. This detailed report and stock tips info compares both stock markets over short, medium and long term periods and is an excellent tool for the investment market in Indian shares.
The daily India stock market report contains selections of INDIAN SHARES from the Bombay Stock Exchange (Mumbai Stock Exchange) and National Stock Exchange stocks. These selected BSE and NSE Indian shares have passed through a multi-stage technical analysis filter which searches for a number of trend patterns and performance activity.
Breakout stocks are Indian shares which have just had a large increase in both price and volume. This may be due to many reasons but these Indian shares are worth watching as their activity has shown statistically significant activity and may have potential to be a good investment. The BSE India and NSE stock markets are
covered.
Top gainers are Indian shares ranked according to their percentage rate of change over a recent trading period. These stocks are the big movers in the BSE India shares and NSE India shares.
The Bombay Stock Market BSE SENSEX Index of the Indian Stock Investment Market is compared to the Dow Jones Index so you can see how Indian shares are performing compared to the Dow Jones Index constituents. This detailed report and stock tips info compares both stock markets over short, medium and long term periods and is an excellent tool for the investment market in Indian shares.
Wednesday, February 4, 2009
Tata Steel
The Beginning
The modern iron and steel industry in India owes its origin to the grand vision and perseverance of Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. The Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (Tata Steel) was registered in Bombay on 26th August 1907. The construction of the steel plant was then taken up in earnest with the first stake being driven in February 1908. R.G. Wells, an American with steel plant construction experience took over as the General Manager in 1909. Success came when the first blast furnace was blown-in on 2nd December 1911, and the first ingot rolled on 16th February 1912.
The company was originally constructed for a capacity of 160,000 tonnes of pig iron, 100,000 tones of ingot steel, 70,000 tones of rails, beams and shapes, and 20,000 tonnes of bars, hoops and rods. The plant essentially consisted of a battery of 180 non-recovery coke ovens and 30 by-product ovens with a sulphuric acid plant, two blast furnaces (each of 350 tonnes per day capacity), one 300 tonne hot metal mixer, four open hearth furnaces of 50 tonne capacity each, one steam engine driven 40-inch reversing blooming mill, one 28-inch reversing combination rail and structural mill with re-heating furnaces, and one 16- inch and two 10-inch rolling mills. Besides, the steel works had a power house, auxiliary facilities and a well-equipped laboratory. The cost of the plant as erected came to around Rs.23 million.
The War Years
Soon after the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the plant was geared to meet the priority needs of the government. It worked on a 24 hour schedule, and sold its product to the government at a fraction of the price prevailing in the open market. Two more open hearth furnaces of 60 tonnes capacity each were added to make more steel. Tatas supplied 1500 miles of rails and 300,000 tonnes of steel to the allies’ war effort. During this period, Tata steel embarked on an expansion of the works. The greater extension programme was taken up in 1917 to raise the steel production to 500,000 tonnes. This phase saw the then latest Duplex process of steelmaking being introduced along with an electric driven blooming mill.
The programme was delayed due to the war and could be completed only in 1924. As against the original estimate of Rs.67.6 million, the final cost came to Rs. 196 million.
The company progressively added new units such as the third Duplex furnace in 1929, two new roughing and finishing mills in 1933, and a new blast furnace along with coke ovens in 1935. Simultaneously, mining leases were renewed or obtained afresh and attention was given to ancillaries and, a capacity of 800,000 tonnes of saleable Steel was attained by 1939. At that time, Tata Steel came to be regarded as the largest Steel plant in the British Empire and also the cheapest exporter of pig iron in the world (the latter reminiscent of the state in 1999).
During the years of the Second World War between 1939 and 1945, Tata Steel contributed in a big way towards supplying war materials. This was a result of successful experimentation and innovation with existing resources. At the instance of the Government, in 1941, Tata Steel put up a wheel, tyre and axle plant to meet the requirements of the railways; in 1942 a mill to manufacture 1,000 tonnes per month of armour plates for defence carriers was added; a benzol recovery plant for producing toluene needed for the manufacture of explosives was put up in 1943; special quality sheets of alloy Steel and of high silicon were made in 1944-45 along with Steel for the famous “Tatanagar” tanks.
Subsequently, Tata Steel was looking for new areas of diversification and for modernizing the works.
Expansion to Two Million Tonnes
The Steel target of six million tonnes of ingot Steel per annum in India set for the second five year plan included expansion of the existing Steel plants. Tata Steel was permitted to go in for an expansion to two million tonnes of ingot Steel per annum. Tata Steel’s expansion programme, the largest project in the private sector, was started in 1955 and completed by December 1958.
The rated daily capacity of the five blast furnaces in existence prior to TMP was 4200 tonnes. Blast furnace F, with a rated capacity of 1650 tonnes per day, provided sufficient hot metal for the two million tonne programme.
By providing sintered ore, blast furnace production increased by 10% to an annual output of 1,870,000 tonnes. Blast furnace F was completed and put in operation on October 10, 1958. One of the largest and most modern furnaces in the world, it was designed for high top-pressure operation and the use of sinter in the burden. The blowing-in ceremony of blast furnace F was regarded as the official christening of TMP.
A huge Steel Melting shop no. 3 (closed down in 1999) comprising two 800 tonne hot metal mixers, three 32 tonne Bessemer converters and seven 200 tonne open-hearth furnaces (with the possibility of adding an eighth furnace) was the corner stone of steelmaking under TMP.
A new rolling mill complex was constructed consisting of soaking pits, Blooming Mill no.2 and a sheet Bar and Billet mill (this was closed in early 1999). Between the two mills, the primary capacity was nearly three million tones of ingots per annum. The continuous sheet bar and billet mill no.2 was the main mill for semi-finished products for feeding the sheet mills, tin bars for the tinplate company and gothics for the manufacture of seamless tubes.
The Medium and Light Structural mill, which was also installed along with the other mills, was capable of rolling diversified products in wide ranges and was designed to roll 350,000 tonnes of blooms per annum. The products manufactured were to be mainly beams, channels, angles, junior beams and parallel flange beams-the last two for the first time in country. The revamping of the rail and structural mill (closed down in 1989), sheet bar and billet mill no.1 (closed down in 1998) and the merchant mill were also undertaken. A new merchant mill no.2 was commissioned in 1962. The additional service facilities included water supply arrangement, power supply and distribution to meet the total maximum demand of 125,000 kW and railway track facilities. The two million tonne programme was completed on schedule and involved no major delay.
Period between 1960-80
During the decade of the sixties, consideration was given to the expansion of Tata Steel in the private sector. In July 1961, Tata Steel obtained an industrial license for setting up alloy steel
Sinter plant: A new 1.37 mtpa sinter plant (SP2) to raise the total sinter production to 2.5 mtpa and thereby, increase sinter in blast furnaces to around 65%.
Coke ovens: A coke oven battery with 54 ovens using stamp charging technology to make coke of internationally acceptable quality was established. Stamp charging has given following advantages:
Superior coke strength after reaction (CSR) compared with top charged coke, as well as higher bulk density.
Higher yield of sized coke for the blast furnaces.
Improved blast furnace productivity because of usage of coke with better room temperature and high temperature properties.
Waste recovery: 1 Mtpa Waste recycling plant to recover metallics from the plant was established
Ancillary technologies: The main technology improvement in phase II was the introduction of coal injection in blast furnaces. The limited reserves of coking coal in India have always spurred Indian iron makers to strive for lower coke rates. Tata Steel commissioned a coal injection unit in 1991 for its F blast furnace. The system developed by Kloeckner Sstahl Technik (KST) was adopted on the success of coal injection in F blast furnace; the technology was extended to G blast furnace as a part of modernisation phase III and thereafter, also incorporated in D blast furnace.
Modernization phase III
The success of modernization phases I and II and the need to enter the flat product market, provided the necessary impetus to embark on the crucial third phase of modernization. Keeping in view the international and domestic Steel scenario, it was felt necessary for Tata Steel to set up an internationally competitive flat products complex. Apart from a one million tonne hot strip mill, a new one million tonne G blast furnace was also installed. The landmarks during this phase were:
Ironmaking: To augment steelmaking capacity, a corresponding increase in hot metal production was necessary. Hence, a highly automated blast furnace of 1 mtpa capacity, called the G blast furnace, was commissioned in November 1992.
Steelmaking: A new LD shop 2 with two 130t capacity LD vessels, with one out of two operating at any given moment, was commissioned.
New Cold Rolling Mill at Tata Steel
In addition to modernization, Tata Steel has defined its vision for the next millennium and has embarked on an unprecedented expansion in flat products. As a first step, taking into account the doubling of the capacity of the HSM, a 1.2 million tonnes cold rolling complex has been commissioned in Jamshedpur towards the middle of the year 2000. Some of the salient features of this new development are highlighted.
Facilities in the cold rolling complex
Internationally, the technology of cold rolling has developed to an extremely sophisticated level. This progress has been augmented by the work on technology by equipment suppliers around the world, focused on further improving the processes to produce better products, thereby propelling cold rolled strips to higher levels of quality and cost competitiveness.
The major facilities include a pickling-cum-tandem cold rolling mill, an annealing facility, and galvanizing lines.
Steelmaking and casting
Major developments in the steelmaking and casting area
includes the following:
Switchover from duplex and open hearth steelmaking to the oxygen process.
Adopting optimum KD vessel configuration (to accommodate the high slag volume as a result of high silicon and phosphorus in hot metal) and use of bottom inert gas agitation.
Strategy to make low phosphorus Steel.
Improvement of vessel lining life from 160-180 heats to over
1000 heats
Adoption of continuous casting through billet and slab casters.
Tata Steel Today
As a result of innovations and technological upgradation, Tata Steel, has become a well-run ultra modern plant - one of the best in the world. Fundamental changes in some metallurgical parameters have brought about this remarkable transformation. Necessity became the mother of invention and numerous innovations invoked improvement. The metallurgical changes introduced were essentially centered around:
Reducing alumina level in sinter from 4.4 to 2.5 %.
Improving in coke quality
Making changes in the fluxes used in sintermaking essentially to decrease the alkali input.
Adopting the optimum LD vessel configuration and blowing conditions to accommodate the high slag volume required to deal with high silicon and phosphorus in Indian hot metal.
Increasing the yield during LD steelmaking
Introducing continuous casting (CC) instead of ingot casting to increase the net yield.
All these factors have made Tata Steel internationally cost competitive. In terms of hot metal costs, Tata Steel is amongst the lowest in the world and has a clear advantage over other major integrated producers. The cost of conversion from hot metal to a finished product such as hot rolled coils where Tata Steel has not been very competitive so far would be taken care of in the near future as investments already made to achieve the results foreseen. High ash in coke, poor room temperature and high temperature strengths of coke, high alumina in the iron oxide feed, high silicon in hot metal, low yields during steelmaking, low yield of finished products, high energy consumption, high manpower, etc. have been the weaknesses not only of Tata Steel but of the Indian Steel industry as a whole.
Appropriate steps taken by the Company have already resulted in better yield lower energy consumption, lower silicon in hot metal, lower silicon in hot metal, lower lime consumption in steelmaking, higher vessel life, etc., all of which augur well for the Steel Company in future.
Tata Steel in The New Millennium
Tata Steel is all set to establish itself as the supplier of choice by delighting all its customers with its products and services. The Organisation is envisaged to become the most cost competitive Steel plant to serve the community and the nation. Where Tata Steel would venture, others will follow. The 21st century will certainly see a new Tata Steel - an integrated Steel plant in India with truly world class facilities along with a will to win amongst a committed and streamlined workforce.
The modern iron and steel industry in India owes its origin to the grand vision and perseverance of Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. The Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (Tata Steel) was registered in Bombay on 26th August 1907. The construction of the steel plant was then taken up in earnest with the first stake being driven in February 1908. R.G. Wells, an American with steel plant construction experience took over as the General Manager in 1909. Success came when the first blast furnace was blown-in on 2nd December 1911, and the first ingot rolled on 16th February 1912.
The company was originally constructed for a capacity of 160,000 tonnes of pig iron, 100,000 tones of ingot steel, 70,000 tones of rails, beams and shapes, and 20,000 tonnes of bars, hoops and rods. The plant essentially consisted of a battery of 180 non-recovery coke ovens and 30 by-product ovens with a sulphuric acid plant, two blast furnaces (each of 350 tonnes per day capacity), one 300 tonne hot metal mixer, four open hearth furnaces of 50 tonne capacity each, one steam engine driven 40-inch reversing blooming mill, one 28-inch reversing combination rail and structural mill with re-heating furnaces, and one 16- inch and two 10-inch rolling mills. Besides, the steel works had a power house, auxiliary facilities and a well-equipped laboratory. The cost of the plant as erected came to around Rs.23 million.
The War Years
Soon after the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the plant was geared to meet the priority needs of the government. It worked on a 24 hour schedule, and sold its product to the government at a fraction of the price prevailing in the open market. Two more open hearth furnaces of 60 tonnes capacity each were added to make more steel. Tatas supplied 1500 miles of rails and 300,000 tonnes of steel to the allies’ war effort. During this period, Tata steel embarked on an expansion of the works. The greater extension programme was taken up in 1917 to raise the steel production to 500,000 tonnes. This phase saw the then latest Duplex process of steelmaking being introduced along with an electric driven blooming mill.
The programme was delayed due to the war and could be completed only in 1924. As against the original estimate of Rs.67.6 million, the final cost came to Rs. 196 million.
The company progressively added new units such as the third Duplex furnace in 1929, two new roughing and finishing mills in 1933, and a new blast furnace along with coke ovens in 1935. Simultaneously, mining leases were renewed or obtained afresh and attention was given to ancillaries and, a capacity of 800,000 tonnes of saleable Steel was attained by 1939. At that time, Tata Steel came to be regarded as the largest Steel plant in the British Empire and also the cheapest exporter of pig iron in the world (the latter reminiscent of the state in 1999).
During the years of the Second World War between 1939 and 1945, Tata Steel contributed in a big way towards supplying war materials. This was a result of successful experimentation and innovation with existing resources. At the instance of the Government, in 1941, Tata Steel put up a wheel, tyre and axle plant to meet the requirements of the railways; in 1942 a mill to manufacture 1,000 tonnes per month of armour plates for defence carriers was added; a benzol recovery plant for producing toluene needed for the manufacture of explosives was put up in 1943; special quality sheets of alloy Steel and of high silicon were made in 1944-45 along with Steel for the famous “Tatanagar” tanks.
Subsequently, Tata Steel was looking for new areas of diversification and for modernizing the works.
Expansion to Two Million Tonnes
The Steel target of six million tonnes of ingot Steel per annum in India set for the second five year plan included expansion of the existing Steel plants. Tata Steel was permitted to go in for an expansion to two million tonnes of ingot Steel per annum. Tata Steel’s expansion programme, the largest project in the private sector, was started in 1955 and completed by December 1958.
The rated daily capacity of the five blast furnaces in existence prior to TMP was 4200 tonnes. Blast furnace F, with a rated capacity of 1650 tonnes per day, provided sufficient hot metal for the two million tonne programme.
By providing sintered ore, blast furnace production increased by 10% to an annual output of 1,870,000 tonnes. Blast furnace F was completed and put in operation on October 10, 1958. One of the largest and most modern furnaces in the world, it was designed for high top-pressure operation and the use of sinter in the burden. The blowing-in ceremony of blast furnace F was regarded as the official christening of TMP.
A huge Steel Melting shop no. 3 (closed down in 1999) comprising two 800 tonne hot metal mixers, three 32 tonne Bessemer converters and seven 200 tonne open-hearth furnaces (with the possibility of adding an eighth furnace) was the corner stone of steelmaking under TMP.
A new rolling mill complex was constructed consisting of soaking pits, Blooming Mill no.2 and a sheet Bar and Billet mill (this was closed in early 1999). Between the two mills, the primary capacity was nearly three million tones of ingots per annum. The continuous sheet bar and billet mill no.2 was the main mill for semi-finished products for feeding the sheet mills, tin bars for the tinplate company and gothics for the manufacture of seamless tubes.
The Medium and Light Structural mill, which was also installed along with the other mills, was capable of rolling diversified products in wide ranges and was designed to roll 350,000 tonnes of blooms per annum. The products manufactured were to be mainly beams, channels, angles, junior beams and parallel flange beams-the last two for the first time in country. The revamping of the rail and structural mill (closed down in 1989), sheet bar and billet mill no.1 (closed down in 1998) and the merchant mill were also undertaken. A new merchant mill no.2 was commissioned in 1962. The additional service facilities included water supply arrangement, power supply and distribution to meet the total maximum demand of 125,000 kW and railway track facilities. The two million tonne programme was completed on schedule and involved no major delay.
Period between 1960-80
During the decade of the sixties, consideration was given to the expansion of Tata Steel in the private sector. In July 1961, Tata Steel obtained an industrial license for setting up alloy steel
Sinter plant: A new 1.37 mtpa sinter plant (SP2) to raise the total sinter production to 2.5 mtpa and thereby, increase sinter in blast furnaces to around 65%.
Coke ovens: A coke oven battery with 54 ovens using stamp charging technology to make coke of internationally acceptable quality was established. Stamp charging has given following advantages:
Superior coke strength after reaction (CSR) compared with top charged coke, as well as higher bulk density.
Higher yield of sized coke for the blast furnaces.
Improved blast furnace productivity because of usage of coke with better room temperature and high temperature properties.
Waste recovery: 1 Mtpa Waste recycling plant to recover metallics from the plant was established
Ancillary technologies: The main technology improvement in phase II was the introduction of coal injection in blast furnaces. The limited reserves of coking coal in India have always spurred Indian iron makers to strive for lower coke rates. Tata Steel commissioned a coal injection unit in 1991 for its F blast furnace. The system developed by Kloeckner Sstahl Technik (KST) was adopted on the success of coal injection in F blast furnace; the technology was extended to G blast furnace as a part of modernisation phase III and thereafter, also incorporated in D blast furnace.
Modernization phase III
The success of modernization phases I and II and the need to enter the flat product market, provided the necessary impetus to embark on the crucial third phase of modernization. Keeping in view the international and domestic Steel scenario, it was felt necessary for Tata Steel to set up an internationally competitive flat products complex. Apart from a one million tonne hot strip mill, a new one million tonne G blast furnace was also installed. The landmarks during this phase were:
Ironmaking: To augment steelmaking capacity, a corresponding increase in hot metal production was necessary. Hence, a highly automated blast furnace of 1 mtpa capacity, called the G blast furnace, was commissioned in November 1992.
Steelmaking: A new LD shop 2 with two 130t capacity LD vessels, with one out of two operating at any given moment, was commissioned.
New Cold Rolling Mill at Tata Steel
In addition to modernization, Tata Steel has defined its vision for the next millennium and has embarked on an unprecedented expansion in flat products. As a first step, taking into account the doubling of the capacity of the HSM, a 1.2 million tonnes cold rolling complex has been commissioned in Jamshedpur towards the middle of the year 2000. Some of the salient features of this new development are highlighted.
Facilities in the cold rolling complex
Internationally, the technology of cold rolling has developed to an extremely sophisticated level. This progress has been augmented by the work on technology by equipment suppliers around the world, focused on further improving the processes to produce better products, thereby propelling cold rolled strips to higher levels of quality and cost competitiveness.
The major facilities include a pickling-cum-tandem cold rolling mill, an annealing facility, and galvanizing lines.
Steelmaking and casting
Major developments in the steelmaking and casting area
includes the following:
Switchover from duplex and open hearth steelmaking to the oxygen process.
Adopting optimum KD vessel configuration (to accommodate the high slag volume as a result of high silicon and phosphorus in hot metal) and use of bottom inert gas agitation.
Strategy to make low phosphorus Steel.
Improvement of vessel lining life from 160-180 heats to over
1000 heats
Adoption of continuous casting through billet and slab casters.
Tata Steel Today
As a result of innovations and technological upgradation, Tata Steel, has become a well-run ultra modern plant - one of the best in the world. Fundamental changes in some metallurgical parameters have brought about this remarkable transformation. Necessity became the mother of invention and numerous innovations invoked improvement. The metallurgical changes introduced were essentially centered around:
Reducing alumina level in sinter from 4.4 to 2.5 %.
Improving in coke quality
Making changes in the fluxes used in sintermaking essentially to decrease the alkali input.
Adopting the optimum LD vessel configuration and blowing conditions to accommodate the high slag volume required to deal with high silicon and phosphorus in Indian hot metal.
Increasing the yield during LD steelmaking
Introducing continuous casting (CC) instead of ingot casting to increase the net yield.
All these factors have made Tata Steel internationally cost competitive. In terms of hot metal costs, Tata Steel is amongst the lowest in the world and has a clear advantage over other major integrated producers. The cost of conversion from hot metal to a finished product such as hot rolled coils where Tata Steel has not been very competitive so far would be taken care of in the near future as investments already made to achieve the results foreseen. High ash in coke, poor room temperature and high temperature strengths of coke, high alumina in the iron oxide feed, high silicon in hot metal, low yields during steelmaking, low yield of finished products, high energy consumption, high manpower, etc. have been the weaknesses not only of Tata Steel but of the Indian Steel industry as a whole.
Appropriate steps taken by the Company have already resulted in better yield lower energy consumption, lower silicon in hot metal, lower silicon in hot metal, lower lime consumption in steelmaking, higher vessel life, etc., all of which augur well for the Steel Company in future.
Tata Steel in The New Millennium
Tata Steel is all set to establish itself as the supplier of choice by delighting all its customers with its products and services. The Organisation is envisaged to become the most cost competitive Steel plant to serve the community and the nation. Where Tata Steel would venture, others will follow. The 21st century will certainly see a new Tata Steel - an integrated Steel plant in India with truly world class facilities along with a will to win amongst a committed and streamlined workforce.
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